Post Date November, 16 2024
Preeclampsia is a widespread vascular endothelial dysfunction and vasospasm that occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy, and may occur 4-6 weeks postpartum. Clinically defined as hypertension and proteinuria, with or without pathological edema, are the second most common obstetric cause of stillbirth and early neonatal death.
What are the mechanisms behind the occurrence of preeclampsia?
The mechanism of preeclampsia is uncertain
Many pregnant and postpartum women, whether they are fathers or fetuses, are related to their development. The most important factors currently are maternal immune intolerance, abnormal placental transplantation, genetic, nutritional and environmental factors, cardiovascular and inflammatory factors, etc. Hypertension may be the most common symptom of premonitory epilepsy, but it is not considered the initial disease process.
The characteristic of preeclampsia is endothelial dysfunction in pregnant women
Therefore, preeclampsia may be one of the causes of cardiovascular disease. Compared with normotensive pregnancy, preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of late chronic hypertension and cardiovascular incidence rate and mortality. In addition, women with preeclampsia or multiple hypertensive pregnancies before 36 weeks of pregnancy have the highest risk of developing the disease.
The underlying mechanism of preeclampsia is complex and may be multifactorial
The shared risk factors for cardiovascular disease and preeclampsia include endothelial dysfunction, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Researchers have pointed out that metabolic syndrome may be a common underlying mechanism for cardiovascular disease and preeclampsia. For a long time, immune factors have been considered important factors in preeclampsia. An important component is the lack of understanding of the mother's tolerance to placental and fetal antigens. The characteristic of this mother child immune imbalance is the collaboration between uterine natural killer (NK) cells and fetal human leukocyte antigen (HLA), which undergoes histological changes similar to acute rejection.
Preeclampsia has been shown to involve multiple genes
Research has proved that more than 100 maternal and paternal genes are related to preeclampsia, including known genes for vascular disease, blood pressure regulation, diabetes and immune function. Severe premonitory epilepsy accounts for approximately 25% of all cases of premonitory epilepsy, and in extreme cases, it may lead to liver and kidney failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. If preeclampsia related seizures occur, this disease has developed into a disease called eclampsia. There is a lack of medical consensus on the value of defining preeclampsia. The reasonable standard for women with normal blood pressure before 20 weeks of pregnancy is to continuously measure systolic blood pressure (SBP) exceeding 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) exceeding 90mmHg every 4 hours.
