Post Date December, 02 2023
A comprehensive examination of the condition of renal failure patients in clinical practice is an important condition to ensure good therapeutic effects. In addition to the typical clinical characteristics of renal failure patients, we can diagnose them. We also need to pay attention to judging by the imbalance of water and electrolyte in the patient's body. Below, we will introduce the diagnostic points for patients with chronic kidney failure.
① Imbalance of sodium and water: This is a typical diagnostic basis for patients with renal failure. Usually, when excessive intake of sodium and water causes excessive body fluids, edema, hypertension, and heart failure occur, resulting in diluted hyponatremia. Chronic renal failure rarely results in hypernatremia. When there is fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea, etc.), hypovolemia is likely to occur, leading to orthostatic hypotension and deterioration of residual renal function.
② Imbalance of potassium: Renal failure can lead to the occurrence of uremia in the late stage, and there is a tendency for hyperkalemia in the late stage of uremia. Acidosis, transfusion of blood or excessive potassium intake, and the use of potassium sparing diuretics can exacerbate hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can cause severe arrhythmia or even cardiac arrest, with some patients experiencing muscle weakness or paralysis. The electrocardiogram is fast and accurate in monitoring hyperkalemia, characterized by high and sharp T waves.
③ Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia: Hypocalcemia does not cause obvious symptoms in patients during clinical onset. When alkaline drugs are used to correct acidosis, a decrease in free calcium can cause tetany. High blood phosphorus and low blood calcium can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism, leading to renal bone diseases such as bone decalcification (osteoporosis), osteomalacia, and fibrous osteoarthritis.
Through the above content, we have gained an understanding of the diagnostic points of chronic kidney failure, which is of great value for the smooth recovery of patients. In short, everyone should pay attention to the significance of diagnosis for the rehabilitation of patients with renal failure, and avoid misdiagnosis, which may cause unnecessary health losses to patients.
