Post Date December, 03 2023
What is the biggest characteristic of nephrotic syndrome that distinguishes it from other pathological types? The typical symptoms are what we call "three highs and one low", which include a large amount of proteinuria, high edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoproteinemia. Its incidence is also increasingly inclined towards young people.
And the question we need to solve today is, why do people with nephrotic syndrome have a large amount of protein leakage in their urine? Or should it be considered that there is a kidney problem when a positive urine test is found?
At the age of 19, Xiao Yong had a problem with high urinary protein. When he arrived at the hospital, his urinary protein count had reached 6.70g/24h, and a young man who was originally quite thin had thick and swollen legs.
Compared to reducing swelling, Xiaoyong's mother is more worried about a positive urine test because she heard that nephrotic syndrome is difficult to cure and has a particularly high chance of recurrence.
Regarding the concerns and doubts in Xiaoyong's mother's heart, Dr. Shi Wei, a nephrologist, told her during the ward round about the issue of positive urine tests. The fundamental reason is that the glomerular filtration barrier is damaged, causing plasma proteins to leak into the urine, exceeding the reabsorption capacity of the renal tubules, resulting in a positive urine test, which is a typical symptom of renal syndrome - proteinuria.
In order to make you understand the formation process of proteinuria more clearly, Shi Wei gave you another example.
The changes in the basement membrane are the most critical factor in the damage of the glomerular filtration barrier. When a large amount of immune complexes deposit on the epithelial cells at the top layer of the glomerulus, causing the foot processes of the epithelial cells to start connecting together, like carbon dioxide covering the surface of the earth. When carbon dioxide is completely connected, problems arise in the basement membrane (surface) below the epithelial cells. Large gaps appear in the basement membrane, and protein naturally leaks out, leading to urinary protein positive expression in urine, This is what we call proteinuria and urinary protein.
Nephrotic syndrome is difficult to cure and has a particularly high probability of recurrence.
Regarding the concerns and doubts in Xiaoyong's mother's heart, Dr. Shi Wei, a nephrologist, told her during the ward round about the issue of positive urine tests. The fundamental reason is that the glomerular filtration barrier is damaged, causing plasma proteins to leak into the urine, exceeding the reabsorption capacity of the renal tubules, resulting in a positive urine test, which is a typical symptom of renal syndrome - proteinuria.
Only by clarifying the causes of proteinuria can we fundamentally treat it. After a few days of hospitalization, Xiaoyong's edema disappeared. Half a month later, the examination results showed that the urine protein quantification decreased to 1.02g/24h.
