Criteria for judging whether semen is normal

According to the standard for normal semen set by the World Health Organization, judging whether semen is normal can be analyzed from the following aspects:

(1) Semen volume: Normal ≥ 2ml. "When it is greater than 7 ml, it is excessive, which not only reduces sperm density, but also tends to flow out of the vagina, resulting in a decrease in the total number of sperm, commonly seen in seminal vesiculitis."; Less than 2ml indicates too little semen, but usually less than 1ml indicates too little semen.

(2) Semen color: Normal is grayish white or slightly yellow. Milk white or yellowish green indicates inflammation of the reproductive tract or accessory gonads; Pink, red, and microscopic red blood cells are seen as bloody semen, commonly seen in inflammation of the accessory gonads and posterior urethra, and occasionally in tuberculosis or tumors.

(3) Semen pH: The normal pH of semen is 72 to 78. Less than 72 are seen in ejaculatory duct obstruction or urine contamination; More than 78 are seen in seminal vesicle inflammation or in aged specimens.

(4) Semen Liquefaction Time: After normal semen is ejaculated, it becomes gelatinous under the action of seminal vesicle coagulase, and becomes liquid under the action of prostate liquefaction enzyme after 15 to 30 minutes. This is semen liquefaction. It is abnormal for semen to remain non liquefied 30 minutes after ejaculation.

(5) Semen viscosity: Touch a glass rod with liquefied semen and gently lift it to form semen filaments, which are normally less than 2cm in length.

(6) Sperm count: Generally expressed as the number of sperm per milliliter of semen. Normal count ≥ 20 × 106/ml。 Below this value, there is too little sperm, which can be seen in various causes of spermatogenic dysfunction, and can lead to low fertility or infertility due to reduced opportunities for sperm to enter the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. If the sperm count is greater than 250 × "10 〜 6/ml is excessive sperm, which can also lead to infertility due to its impaired activity.".

(7) Sperm morphology: Sperm in normal morphology ≥ 50%, otherwise it can cause infertility.

(8) Sperm motility: ≥ 50% of sperm move forward rapidly in a straight line.

(9) Sperm survival rate: usually refers to the examination within 1 hour after ejaculation, and the live sperm is ≥ 50%. Common causes of decreased sperm motility and survival include inflammation of the accessory gonads, varicocele, ciliary stagnation syndrome caused by chronic respiratory infections, presence of antisperm antibodies in semen, or improper specimen storage.

(10) White blood cells: White blood cells in normal semen<1 × 106/ml。 Increased white blood cells indicate infection of the reproductive tract or accessory gonads.