Post Date November, 16 2024
According to the standard of normal semen stipulated by the World Health Organization, judging whether semen is normal can be analyzed from the following aspects:
(1) Semen volume: normal ≥ 2ml. If it is more than 7ml, it is too much, not only the sperm density is reduced, but also it is easy to flow out of the vagina, so that the total number of sperm is reduced, which is common in seminal vesiculitis; Less than 2ml is too little semen, but usually less than 1ml is too little.
At this time, the contact area between the semen and the female genital tract is small, or because the viscosity is not conducive to the sperm entering the female cervix, resulting in infertility, which is common in severe paragonadal inflammation, low testosterone level, ejaculatory duct obstruction, retrograde ejaculation, etc.
(2) Color: normally gray white or slightly yellow. Milky white or yellow-green color indicates inflammation of the genital tract or accessory gonads; Pink, red, and red blood cells seen under the microscope are bloody semen, which is common in inflammation of accessory gonads and posterior urethra, and occasionally in tuberculosis or tumor.
(3) PH: the normal pH of semen is 7
2~7
8。 Less than 7
2 seen in ejaculatory duct obstruction or urine contamination; greater than
seven
8. It can be seen in seminal vesicle inflammation or old specimen.
(4) Liquefaction time: after normal semen is ejaculated, it becomes gelatinous under the action of seminal vesicle coagulase, and becomes liquid under the action of prostate liquefaction enzyme after 15-30 minutes, which is semen liquefaction. It is abnormal that semen does not liquefy 30 minutes after ejaculation.
(5) Viscosity: contact the glass rod with the liquefied semen and gently lift it to form semen silk, which is less than 2 in normal length
cm。
(6) Sperm count: generally expressed by the number of sperm per milliliter of semen. Normal count ≥ 20 × 10? 6/ml。 Below this value, there are too few sperm, which can be seen in spermatogenic dysfunction caused by various reasons, and can lead to low fertility or infertility due to the reduced chance of sperm entering the uterine cavity and fallopian tube. If sperm count is greater than 250 × 10? 6/ml refers to excessive sperm, which can also lead to infertility due to the influence of its activity.
(7) Sperm morphology: sperm with normal morphology ≥ 50%, otherwise it may cause infertility.
(8) Activity: ≥ 50% of sperm move forward rapidly in a straight line.
(9) Survival rate: usually refers to the examination within 1 hour after ejaculation, and the live sperm ≥ 50%. The common causes of decreased sperm motility and survival rate include inflammation of accessory gonads, varicocele, ciliary stagnation syndrome caused by chronic respiratory infection, anti-sperm antibody in semen or improper storage of samples.
(10) White blood cells: white blood cells in normal semen<1 × 10? 6/ml。 Increased white blood cells indicate infection of the genital tract or accessory gonads.
