What is the diagnosis of urinary system stones? What are the possible complications of urinary system stones

Urinary calculus is a common disease in surgery. The stones in the kidney are kidney stones. The principle of small kidney stones falling into the ureter is called ureteral stones. The stones discharged down from the human arm or urethra are called arm visceral stones or urethral stones. The stones that really originated from the ureter, arm viscera or urethra are rare.

How to diagnose urolithiasis?

Kidney and ureter stones are collectively referred to as upper urinary tract stones. Hematuria is one of the common symptoms, usually with microscopic hematuria. When the stone moves in the upper urinary tract, it will cause damage to the dynamic membrane of the urinary tract, and there will be hematuria like meat washing water (i.e. naked eye hematuria). Pain is another common symptom, including kidney swelling, dull pain, dull pain, colic, etc. Renal colic is a sudden sharp pain like a knife cut. The patient groans, tosses and turns restlessly, and the bread is pale and sweats cold. Colic is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. A few people have no obvious self-conscious symptoms, bI has not been checked and treated in time, and when stones cause serious damage to renal function, symptoms such as oliguria, inability to urinate, edema, endurance, vomiting, anorexia, weakness, uremia and other symptoms are seen, and treatment is delayed.

The main diagnostic method of urinary system stones is abdominal plain film, but some stones are inconspicuous. High quality urogram can determine the size, shape, location and quantity of the stones. Excretive urography can further clarify the location of stones, renal function and the shape of renal pelvis and renal lamp. Ultrasound is the most commonly used examination method recently, and routine urine examination is also necessary.

The diagnosis of urinary calculi should not only judge whether the stones exist, but also know whether the complications are serious, including obstruction and infection, and renal function. We should also know the possible reasons.

1. Diagnosis of urolithiasis: most patients can be diagnosed according to typical renal colic, hematuria and x-ray examination. A few cases have been diagnosed due to painless hematuria, hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection or unilateral or total renal function damage, which requires vigilance and further morphological examination of the urinary system.

2. Diagnosis of urolithiasis complications: not only the size of the stone should be used to determine whether there is obstruction, but also morphological examination. IVP, BUS, static or dynamic nuclear scanning or camera can be used to determine the degree of obstruction and renal function. The presence or absence of infection can be judged according to clinical manifestations, urine routine and urine culture, and special culture methods can be used if necessary. For long-term stones, attention should be paid to the combination of squamous cell carcinoma.