What is the cause of Hyperemesis gravidarum? How can vomiting during pregnancy be relieved

The maternal symptoms of women with hyperemesis gravidarum are generally similar to those of the general population, accompanied by mild complications, including acid-base and electrolyte disorders. More serious complications may include esophageal rupture, retinal hemorrhage, pneumothorax, kidney injury, and encephalopathy, but it is not common in clinical practice and there is no need to worry too much.

What are the hazards of vomiting during pregnancy?

Encephalopathy is usually related to alcohol abuse and is caused by thiamine deficiency. It is characterized by Ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion. A mortality rate of 10% -20%, many patients have long-term neurological deficits. Treatment includes immediate replacement with 100mg of thiamine before administering any fluid containing glucose, which can continue until normal diet is tolerated. Some suggestions for supplementing with thiamine should be the standard care for any patient who vomits for more than 3-4 weeks. In addition to physical complications, some patients may suffer from significant psychological disorders, including depression.

The outcome of fetuses in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum is more complex. Studies have shown that after immediate treatment and continuous use of antiemetic drugs, the outcome of fetuses is similar to that of ordinary people, unless the average birth weight of severe illnesses is significantly lower than that of mild illnesses. Other studies have shown that the incidence rate of low weight infants, preterm delivery, pre eclampsia and placental abruption increases, especially in patients with Hyperemesis gravidarum in the second trimester of pregnancy. Although there have been reports of fetal deaths, these cases are extremely rare and only severe diseases occur.

Pay attention to the long-term impact of pregnancy dramas on future generations. A study showed that compared to the control group, mothers and children with severe high fever had reduced insulin sensitivity and increased baseline cortisol levels. The lifelong impact of this difference is unknown, but it may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in these children.

How to alleviate vomiting during pregnancy?

Non-pharmaceutical intervention measures include perfume, smoke, cooking food and chemical smell to avoid nausea inducing factors. Congenital loss of smell in women leads to nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, while 54% of pregnant women with complete smell experience nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, although it may not necessarily be due to vomiting during pregnancy.

Other possible triggers for nausea include some foods, especially spicy, salty, or high fat foods. Therefore, low fat and eating less and more meals may help to improve the symptoms of Hyperemesis gravidarum.

Acupuncture and moxibustion and wrist band for wrist palmar pressure are common interventions. Encourage any patient with a history of severe vomiting to start taking multiple vitamins before conception.