What are the methods for detecting syphilis? How to prevent syphilis if you have had bad sexual behavior

The course of syphilis is long, with most of the time in a latent state and complex symptoms, similar to many non syphilitic diseases. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the medical history, physical examination, and examination results. If necessary, auxiliary methods such as follow-up observation, family investigation, and experimental treatment are also required.

Introduction to Several Inspection Methods for Syphilis

1、 Medical history

(1) Infection history: Have you had a history of metallurgical tourism or unclean sexual intercourse.

(2) Course of sexually transmitted diseases: whether there have been symptoms of excessive heat rash, secondary or tertiary syphilis, or other sexually transmitted diseases.

(3) Marriage History: Number and duration of marriages, spouse's health status, presence of syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases.

(4) Delivery history: Married women should inquire if they have a history of miscarriage and if they have given birth to syphilis.

(5) If you suspect fetal syphilis, you should ask your parents about their sexual history, your early and late symptoms and signs of fetal syphilis, and your siblings' health.

(6) When suspecting latent syphilis, one should inquire if there is a disease that causes a biological false positive syphilis serum reaction.

(7) Treatment history: What medications have been used in the past, whether they are regular, whether the dosage is sufficient, and whether there is a history of drug allergies.

2、 Physical examination

A systematic and comprehensive physical examination should be carried out. Patients with a short infection period should pay attention to the skin, mucous membrane, pudenda, anus, oral cavity, etc. Patients with a long infection period should pay attention to examining the heart, nervous system, skin, mucosa, and other parts.

3、 Laboratory testing

1. Dark field microscope detection

Dark field microscopy is a fast and direct method for diagnosing Treponema pallidum infection, which is necessary for the early diagnosis of syphilis, especially for those who have already developed hard underlying prickly heat and have a negative syphilis serum reaction, which has greater significance. Treponema pallidum can be detected in the skin, mucosa, and lymph node puncture fluid of congenital syphilis in the first, second, and early stages; In a dark field of view, the highly refractive and active Treponema pallidum can be seen on a black background, forming a spring shaped spiral with uniform and regular arrangement. Its movement shape can be observed, and it can be distinguished from other spirochetes based on its special movement shape. In general, several to dozens of spirochetes can be observed in each field of view.

2. Syphilis serological test

Diagnosis of syphilis requires serological testing, and the diagnosis of latent syphilis serology is particularly important. After the human body is infected with Treponema pallidum, specific anti Treponema pallidum IgM and IgG antibodies can be produced, as well as reactive elements. Different antigen bodies are used to detect the presence of anti Treponema pallidum antibodies and reactive elements in the body to diagnose syphilis.