Post Date December, 03 2023
What exactly is nephrotic syndrome? As the name suggests, nephrotic syndrome refers to a group of diseases that endanger the health of kidney disease, and the symptoms of this disease are not only reflected in the function of kidney disease. After the onset of the disease, patients may also experience some systemic reactions, such as edema, fatigue, and respiratory infections. In clinical practice, nephrotic syndrome can be classified as three high and one low:
Hyperlipidemia: Clinical investigations have found that patients with nephrotic syndrome generally have high blood lipids. Cholesterol and/or hypertriglyceridemia, increased serum LDL, VLDL, and lipoprotein (a) concentrations, often coexisting with hypoalbuminemia. The mechanism of its occurrence is related to an increase in liver synthesis of lipoprotein and a decrease in lipoprotein decomposition.
Hypoalbuminemia: Hypoalbuminemia, also known as "one low", occurs when the liver is unable to synthesize protein normally. A large amount of albumin is lost from the urine, promoting compensatory synthesis of albumin in the liver. When the increase in liver albumin synthesis is insufficient to overcome loss, hypoalbuminemia occurs. In addition, decreased diet, insufficient protein intake, poor absorption, or loss due to gastrointestinal mucosal edema are also causes of hypoalbuminemia.
Increased proteinuria: When the renal filter is damaged, an increase in proteinuria occurs. When the molecular barrier and charge barrier of the glomerular filtration membrane, especially the charge barrier, are damaged, the permeability of the glomerular filtration membrane to plasma proteins (mainly albumin) increases, leading to an increase in protein content in urine. When the amount of far convoluted tubule resorption is exceeded, a large amount of proteinuria is formed.
Body swelling: Body swelling is also a typical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, and this swelling can occur throughout the body. Almost all patients with nephrotic syndrome experience varying degrees of swelling, with the most obvious swelling occurring in the face, lower limbs, and scrotum. The symptoms of edema can last for weeks or months, or disappear from time to time throughout the entire course of the disease. After infection (especially streptococcal infection), edema often relapses or worsens, and even azotemia may occur.
In addition to the above symptoms, sometimes the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are also reflected in the digestive system. After onset, patients often experience loss of appetite, dizziness, vomiting, and other symptoms. Experts say that nephrotic syndrome is actually very close to our lives, and we should take preventive measures in our daily lives.
