Post Date December, 03 2023
When two people form a family, the next issue that may need to be considered is children. Male infertility is now common in life. In fact, a testicular biopsy is a good way to detect male infertility. How exactly is it checked?
Through testicular biopsy observation, it is possible to directly estimate the testicular spermatogenic function and the extent of spermatogenic disorders, as well as the testicular ability to synthesize steroid hormones, evaluate fertility, and provide intuitive information. It is also an important basis for treatment selection and prognosis judgment. The following pathological changes can be seen in testicular biopsy:
(1) Normal testicular structure: Before puberty, the seminiferous tubules are small, with no basement membrane, only primitive germ cells and supporting cells, and interstitial cells are not obvious. After puberty, seminiferous epithelium, spermatogenic cells at all levels (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, sperm cells), and supporting cells can be seen in the seminiferous tubules. There are many sperm in the lumen, and the boundary membrane and stroma of the seminiferous tubules are normal. The reproductive pathological changes of the testis mainly occur in the seminiferous epithelium and the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules.
(2) Low spermatogenic function: Spermatogenesis exists, but the spermatogenic epithelium becomes thinner, and the number of spermatogenic cells at all levels decreases.
(3) Spermatogenesis stagnation: Spermatogenesis stagnates at a certain cellular stage and cannot form sperm. It is most commonly seen at the spermatocyte stage, followed by the sperm cell stage, and less frequently at the spermatogonial stage.
(4) Spermatogenic cells fall off and are arranged in disorder: Immature spermatogenic cells, spermatocytes, and sperm cells fall off in clusters within the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, blocking the lumen and failing to discharge. Often accompanied by a disorder in the arrangement of spermatogenic cells.
(5) Sertoli cell only syndrome: There are only sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules, but no spermatogenic cells are present. The diameter of the tube decreases, the boundary membrane thickens, and interstitial hyperplasia occurs. This is a congenital abnormality, with no sperm, no fertility, but normal secondary sexual characteristics.
(6) Mixed lesions: Multiple abnormalities can be seen in the seminiferous tubules, such as various types and degrees of spermatogenic disorders: stagnation of spermatogenesis, and disorder of exfoliation; Mixed presence of hyperplasia or hyaline degeneration of the boundary membrane.
(7) Immature testis: In adults, testicular development still stops before puberty, with small seminiferous tubules, lumens that have not yet appeared, and no sperm production.
(8) Transparent degeneration of the seminiferous tubules: It develops rapidly and is progressive, characterized by thickening of the boundary membrane of the seminiferous tubules, presenting hyaline degeneration, and expanding into the lumen and interstitium, resulting in increasingly narrowing of the lumen, accompanied by varying degrees of spermatogenic disorders. In severe cases, all kinds of cells in the tubules disappear, leaving only the shadow of convoluted seminiferous tubules.
Everyone knows how important testicles are for male fertility, so it seems that the significance of testicular biopsy still exists. If it is determined that you have infertility, you should be treated promptly. In daily life, we must also pay attention to the prevention and care of male infertility.
Prevention and nursing of male infertility
When men are overweight, they can make the temperature in their groins very high, which can harm sperm growth and ultimately lead to infertility. Therefore, controlling a man's weight within a standard range can improve sperm quality.
However, men must exercise at a moderate intensity, as intense exercise can also lead to higher testicular temperatures, thereby damaging the environment required for sperm growth. "When riding a bicycle, men can cause very fragile blood vessels in the testicular sac to be very dangerous, so it is best for men to wear padded shorts and choose a bicycle with good shock absorption function.".
To prevent infertility, men should avoid going to saunas and steam baths, as high-temperature steam baths can directly harm sperm, thereby hindering sperm growth. Men also need to quit smoking because smoking can affect the decrease in sperm count. Men should drink in moderation because alcohol can also affect the quality of sperm.
Don't wait until you want to have a child after marriage to discover that you have infertility, which not only brings a blow to yourself, but also brings trouble to your family. Therefore, male friends must develop good living habits and do a good job in preventing male infertility. This is crucial.
