Post Date December, 03 2023
Clinical symptoms in glomerular diseases include nephrotic syndrome, also known as nephrotic syndrome. Massive proteinuria and hypoproteinemia are the diagnostic criteria. Most of the patients I have encountered are sensitive to hormones, but the recurrence rate is relatively high. Therefore, it is important to remind everyone to be cautious of recurrence.
The formal use of hormones is the primary measure to achieve therapeutic effects and prevent recurrence. Random increase, decrease, or discontinuation is an important cause of recurrence, and the use of hormones should follow the basic principle of "sufficient initial dosage, slow withdrawal, and long treatment course".
Reasonably adding cytotoxic drugs while using hormones can avoid or reduce recurrence. However, cytotoxic drugs have serious side effects, so their use should be cautious.
Reasonable diet should be arranged. At the beginning of the disease, there is obvious edema and little urine. Salt can be strictly limited to avoid further water and sodium retention and aggravation of kidney damage. Long term intake of a high protein diet can promote the hypercoagulable state of residual nephrons, leading to glomerulosclerosis and making pediatric nephrotic syndrome difficult to treat or frequent recurrence. For patients with severe edema, the daily intake of sodium salt is generally less than 2 grams, and the daily intake of protein should be 1.2 to 1.8 grams per kilogram. For those with renal insufficiency, it should be below 0.8 grams per kilogram per day.
Reasonable arrangement of rest and overwork can lead to the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome. Children with obvious edema and co infection should be absolutely bedridden. The time shall not be less than 2-3 weeks. After the edema subsides and infection is controlled, one can move around in or out of bed, with a total rest time of no less than 3-6 months. After the condition recovers and the hormone treatment is completed, gradually increase the amount of activity, but also prevent overwork.
During the period of infection prevention and influenza epidemic, children should avoid going to public places and crowded places. If they suffer from respiratory infections, they should receive timely treatment. To maintain fresh indoor air, pay attention to changing clothes according to climate change to prevent colds. Strengthen skin care, take frequent showers, and change clothes and pants; For children with recurrent kidney disease, medication that increases the body's immunity can be given. Pay attention to maintaining oral cleanliness, urge children to brush their teeth or rinse daily, and strictly prevent diseases from entering through the mouth; Pay attention to children with high edema, roll over frequently to prevent skin abrasions and bedsores. When the scrotum is swollen, a cotton pad can be used to lift the scrotum.
Remember to take preventive measures: 1. Regularly use hormones; 2. Reasonably adding cytotoxic drugs; 3. Arrange reasonable meals; 4. Reasonably arrange rest; 5. Prevent infections and colds. Finally, I wish all children with nephrotic syndrome to return to their designated area after recovery.
