Post Date December, 03 2023
How to Choose Fruits for Hemodialysis Patients
Fruit is a good source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Eating an appropriate amount of fruit every day for hemodialysis patients can reduce the risk of complications such as hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and constipation.
According to the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016)", both ordinary people and hemodialysis patients should consume 200-350 grams of fruit.
When choosing fruits for hemodialysis patients, on the one hand, they should try to avoid eating fruits with extremely high potassium content, such as bananas and persimmons, to reduce the risk of hyperkalemia;
On the other hand, it is also important to pay attention to the water content of fruits. For example, 93% of the ingredients in watermelon are water. After consumption, it is necessary to reduce the intake of water accordingly. The total amount of water consumed each day should not exceed the amount of urine plus 500ml the previous day, to avoid causing a burden on the body.
In addition, if hemodialysis patients really like certain fruits with particularly high potassium content, they can choose to eat them on dialysis days to reduce the burden on the body.
How to limit salt in hemodialysis patients
Excessive intake of salt can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and the daily salt consumption of Chinese citizens is around 12g, far exceeding the recommended daily intake of 6g in the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016)".
Ordinary hemodialysis patients should limit salt to less than 6g, just like the general population. If hemodialysis patients have hypertension, they should choose a low sodium diet, and the daily salt consumption should preferably be controlled within 3g.
According to the data in the "Chinese Food Composition Table", 1 g of salt is equivalent to the sodium content of 5 ml of soy sauce. If patients with hemodialysis experience anorexia due to their weak taste, they can use food dipped in soy sauce instead of salt.
In addition, patients with kidney disease cannot choose to eat low sodium salt or low sodium soy sauce. These foods often use potassium instead of sodium, which is highly likely to cause hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients.
How to limit potassium and phosphorus in the diet of hemodialysis patients
Potassium and phosphorus ions are excreted through the kidneys. Excessive intake by hemodialysis patients can cause hyperkalemia or hyperphosphatemia, and in severe cases, it can even endanger life.
Potassium and phosphorus are easily soluble in water, so hemodialysis patients can blanch vegetables with water; Do not drink vegetable soup or meat soup to control intake.
In addition, convenience foods not only contain a large amount of inorganic phosphorus, but also have an absorption and utilization rate of nearly 100%. Therefore, avoiding convenience foods such as instant noodles, tomato sauce, and salad dressing is an effective method for hemodialysis patients to control phosphorus intake.
How to Limit Purine in Diet for Hemodialysis Patients
The final product of purine in the body is uric acid, with 2/3 of uric acid excreted through the kidneys. Excessive ingestion of purine can lead to difficulty in excreting uric acid in hemodialysis patients with renal insufficiency, leading to gouty nephropathy. Therefore, hemodialysis patients should limit the intake of purine.
Foods with high levels of purine include broth, fish soup, hot pot soup, and animal offal. Although these foods have a good taste, hemodialysis patients should avoid consuming them as much as possible.
In addition, hemodialysis patients with gouty nephropathy should also try to avoid eating foods high in purine, such as fish, shrimp, clams, beef and mutton, and use foods such as milk and eggs instead as a source of high-quality protein.
