How can genital warts be detected? Introduction to diagnostic methods for genital warts

When it comes to the dangers of genital warts, I believe everyone knows something! Therefore, we must do a good job in disease prevention, but without prevention, genital warts will not occur. Unfortunately, how to check for genital warts after infection? The following experts will provide a detailed introduction to this issue.

1. The acetic acid white test involves wrapping or applying gauze soaked in 3% to 5% acetic acid solution to the suspected skin or mucosal surface, and removing it after 3-5 minutes. Typical lesions of genital warts may appear as white papules or warts, while subclinical infections may manifest as white plaques or spots. The vinegar white test is a simple method for distinguishing early genital wart damage and subclinical infection. Subclinical infection is a very useful means of detecting no visible changes to the naked eye. The vinegar white test is simple and feasible, and should be used as a routine examination method for patients with genital warts, helping to determine the extent of the lesion and guiding treatment. However, the vinegar white test is not a specific test and can produce false positive results for epithelial cell proliferation or newly healed epithelium after trauma.

Colposcopy examination is a special magnifying glass mainly used to observe the cervical and vaginal mucosa, which can be used to examine the external genitalia and vaginal epithelium. Colposcopy can magnify cervical manifestations by 20-40 times, which is very helpful for subclinical cervical epithelial infections, early cancer detection, and early diagnosis. Vaginal flushing and sexual intercourse should be avoided within 24 hours before the examination. After applying gauze soaked in 3%~5% acetic acid solution to the cervix for 3 minutes, colposcopy examination will help detect subclinical HpV infection. For clear white spots or spots, further samples should be taken for histopathological examination. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia can be classified into three levels.

Polymerase chain reaction (pCR) extracts DNA from samples of diseased tissue or suspicious sites, and amplifies the target DNA using special primers. Primers can be either HpV general primers or specific primers of a certain type. This method has high sensitivity and specificity, but should be conducted in a laboratory recognized or certified by relevant institutions.

4、 Cytological examination is mainly used to check whether there is HpV infection in the vaginal or cervical epithelium of women. Fix the cells at the tested site with 95% alcohol and scrape them off and apply them on a glass slide; The commonly used Pap staining method can be divided into five levels under the microscope; Level I is normal; Level II is inflammation; III Suspected cancer; IV Highly suspicious cancer; Grade V is cancer. Level II is further divided into IIa and IIb. IIa inflammatory cells; In addition to inflammatory cells, the smear also contains a small amount of mild nuclear heterogeneous cells. Follow up cases with smear showing IIb and conduct regular examinations. To determine the presence of HpV infection, specific anti HpV antibodies, histochemical staining, or in situ hybridization techniques are required.