Post Date December, 03 2023
Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms introduced by various causes, characterized by large amounts of proteinuria (24-hour urine protein quantification greater than 3.5 grams), hypoproteinemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and other clinical symptoms. According to their causes, it can be divided into primary nephrotic syndrome and secondary nephrotic syndrome. There are many causes of nephrotic syndrome, and those who can cause glomerular disease can almost all develop nephrotic syndrome. In summary, it can be divided into two types: primary and secondary. What is nephrotic syndrome?
1、 Edema is the most prominent manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, most of which is eyelid edema in the morning, and in severe cases, it appears in the drooping parts of the body, such as the inner ankle, lower limbs, and lumbosacral region.
2、 The emergence of hypertension is a gradual process, and many patients who have already suffered from nephrotic syndrome have adapted to the condition of hypertension, often without symptoms such as dizziness, headache, and palpitations, resulting in patients not being able to seek medical attention in a timely manner and delaying their condition.
3、 One of the common manifestations of renal area soreness and untimely nephrotic syndrome.
4、 The urine of nephrotic syndrome patients with more proteinuria will have some foam, which will not disappear for a long time.
5、 People often think that red urine is hematuria, but in medicine, it is called naked eye hematuria. Hematuria in nephrotic syndrome is microscopic hematuria, which requires laboratory testing to determine.
6、 The average person's urine volume is between 1000 and 2000 milliliters per day, and any increase or decrease in urine volume may be an early manifestation of kidney disease, especially paying attention to nocturnal polyuria.
Patients with nephrotic syndrome mainly exhibit typical "three highs and one low" symptoms in clinical practice, which mainly include the following aspects:
1. Highly edematous. Patients with different types of nephrotic syndrome, such as nephritis nephrotic syndrome, primary nephrotic syndrome, and so on, can experience varying degrees of edema in clinical practice. Edema is most evident in the face, lower limbs, and scrotum. Patients with nephrotic syndrome have body edema that can last for weeks or months, or it may disappear when accompanied by the disease. When a patient experiences infection (especially streptococcal infection), swelling often leads to recurrence or exacerbation, and may even lead to azotemia.
2. Massive proteinuria. The appearance of a large number of proteinuria symptoms is one of the reliable indicators for diagnosing nephrotic syndrome.
3. Hyperlipidemia. Abnormal lipid metabolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome leads to an increase in almost all types of lipoprotein components in their plasma, with a significant increase in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as an increase in triglycerides and extremely low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
4. Hypoalbuminemia. Patients with nephrotic syndrome lose a large amount of albumin in their bodies, and their serum albumin levels are often below 30g/L, making it easy to develop hypoproteinemia.
So, what are the warning signs for nephrotic syndrome at the beginning of its onset
The early symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are:
1. Foam urine is caused by a large amount of protein in urine. When urinating, more foam can be found, and edema can be found in the eyelid, scrotum and other loose skin.
2. Other early signals include anorexia, physical discomfort, eyelid edema, retinopathy, abdominal pain, and muscle wasting.
3. Systemic edema with ascites and/or pleural effusion may occur. Local edema can manifest as dyspnea (pleural effusion or laryngeal edema), substernal pain (pericardial effusion), scrotal edema, and knee joint swelling (joint effusion).
4. Edema is often mobile, such as in the morning on the eyelids and moving to the ankle after movement. Edema can mask muscle depletion, and edema under the nails can cause parallel white lines to appear on the nail bed.
Nephrotic syndrome is caused by a large amount of foam in urine due to the protein in urine. When there are early signs of urine, the current foam can be found, such as eyelid skin and scrotal edema, which is currently loose. Other early symptoms include loss of appetite, malaise, eyelid edema, retinal disease, abdominal pain and muscle wasting, and possible aggression, general edema, ascites, and/or pleural effusion. The edema can be expressed as difficulty breathing (pleural effusion, or laryngeal edema), pain in the sternum (pericardial effusion), scrotal edema, and knee joint swelling (joint effusion). Edema is often mobile, such as in the morning of the eyelids, and metastasis to the ankle after an event occurs. Edema can mask muscle waste, and can occur parallel to the white line due to edema on the nail bed.
